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Installing Debezium

There are several ways to install and use Debezium connectors, so we’ve documented a few of the most common ways to do this.

Installing a Debezium Connector

If you’ve already installed Zookeeper, Kafka, and Kafka Connect, then using one of Debezium’s connectors is easy. Simply download one or more connector plug-in archives (see below), extract their files into your Kafka Connect environment, and add the parent directory of the extracted plug-in(s) to Kafka Connect’s plugin path. If not the case yet, specify the plugin path in your worker configuration (e.g. connect-distributed.properties) using the plugin.path configuration property. As an example, let’s assume you have downloaded the Debezium MySQL connector archive and extracted its contents to /kafka/connect/debezium-connector-mysql. Then you’d specify the following in the worker config:

plugin.path=/kafka/connect

Restart your Kafka Connect process to pick up the new JARs.

The connector plug-ins are available from Maven:

If you are interested in Debezium Server, please check the installation instructions here.

If immutable containers are your thing, then check out Debezium’s container images (alternative source on DockerHub) for Apache Kafka, Kafka Connect and Apache Zookeeper, with the different Debezium connectors already pre-installed and ready to go. Our tutorial even walks you through using these images, and this is a great way to learn what Debezium is all about. Of course you also can run Debezium on Kubernetes and OpenShift. Using the Strimzi Kubernetes Operator is recommended for that. It allows to deploy Apache Kafka, Kafka Connect, and even connectors declaratively via custom Kubernetes resources.

By default, the directory /kafka/connect is used as plugin directory by the Debezium Docker image for Kafka Connect. So any additional connectors you may wish to use should be added to that directory. Alternatively, you can add further directories to the plugin path by specifying the KAFKA_CONNECT_PLUGINS_DIR environment variable when starting the container (e.g. -e KAFKA_CONNECT_PLUGINS_DIR=/kafka/connect/,/path/to/further/plugins). When using the container image for Kafka Connect provided by Confluent, you can specify the CONNECT_PLUGIN_PATH environment variable to achieve the same.

Note that Java 11 or later is required to run the Debezium connectors or Debezium UI.

Consuming Snapshot Releases

Debezium executes nightly builds and deployments into the Sonatype snapshot repository. If you want to try latest and fresh or verify a bug fix you are interested in, then use plugins from oss.sonatype.org or view the nightly version of this document for direct links to each connector’s plugin artifact. The installation procedure is the same as for regular releases.

Using a Debezium Connector

To use a connector to produce change events for a particular source server/cluster, simply create a configuration file for the MySQL Connector, Postgres Connector, MongoDB Connector, SQL Server Connector, Oracle Connector, Db2 Connector, Cassandra Connector, Vitess Connector, Spanner Connector, JDBC sink Connector, Informix Connector, and use the Kafka Connect REST API to add that connector configuration to your Kafka Connect cluster. When the connector starts, it will connect to the source and produce events for each inserted, updated, and deleted row or document.

See the Debezium Connectors documentation for more information.

Configuring Debezium Topics

Debezium uses (either via Kafka Connect or directly) multiple topics for storing data. The topics have to be either created by an administrator or by Kafka itself by enabling auto-creation for topics. There are certain limitations and recommendations which apply to topics:

  • Database schema history topic (for the Debezium connectors for MySQL and SQL Server)

    • Infinite (or very long) retention (no compaction!)

    • Replication factor at least 3 for production

    • Single partition

  • Other topics

    • Optionally, log compaction enabled (if you wish to only keep the last change event for a given record); in this case the min.compaction.lag.ms and delete.retention.ms topic-level settings in Apache Kafka should be configured, so that consumers have enough time to receive all events and delete markers; specifically, these values should be larger than the maximum downtime you anticipate for the sink connectors, e.g. when updating them

    • Replicated in production

    • Single partition

      • You can relax the single partition rule but your application must handle out-of-order events for different rows in database (events for a single row are still totally ordered). If multiple partitions are used, Kafka will determine the partition by hashing the key by default. Other partition strategies require using SMTs to set the partition number for each record.

    • For customizable topic auto-creation (available since Kafka Connect 2.6.0) see Custom Topic Auto-Creation

Using the Debezium Libraries

Although Debezium is intended to be used as turnkey services, all of JARs and other artifacts are available in Maven Central.

We do provide a small library so applications can embed any Kafka Connect connector and consume data change events read directly from the source system. This provides a light weight system (since Zookeeper, Kafka, and Kafka Connect services are not needed), but as a consequence it is not as fault tolerant or reliable since the application must manage and maintain all state normally kept inside Kafka’s distributed and replicated logs. It’s perfect for use in tests, and with careful consideration it may be useful in some applications.